Ta yaya Uruguay ta zama ƙasa mai jagorancin makamashin iska

gonakin iska

Ta yaya wata ƙaramar ƙasa da ba ta san adadin mai ba ta sami damar rage farashin wutan lantarki, rage dogaro da mai, da zama jagora a cikin sabunta makamashi?

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, Uruguay ta sami wani abin da kamar ba zai yiwu ba, kasancewarta kasar da ke da mafi yawan wutar lantarkin da ke samar da makamashi daga iska a cikin Latin Amurka kuma ɗayan manyan lamura a duk duniya.

Godiya ga wannan, kasar ta rage damuwarta ga canjin yanayi da kuma yawaitar fari da ke shafar madatsun ruwan.

Da mai mai arha ƙarshen ƙarshen abubuwan sabuntawa?

A halin yanzu, fiye da 30% na wutar lantarki a ƙasar Kudancin Amurka ana samun ta ne daga iska. A Brazil, alal misali, kaso ya wuce 6%. Bugu da kari, Uruguay na fatan wani muhimmin karuwa a cikin watanni masu zuwa.

A cewar shugaban Daraktan Makamashi na Kasa na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu, Makamashi da Ma'adanai ta Uruguay, Olga Otegui: "Muna sa ran cewa a bana samar da wutar lantarki daga karfin iska zai kasance sama da 35%"

Texas

Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kasar na fatan samun kashi 38% na wutar da iska ke samarwa, wanda za a sanya shi kusa da shugaban duniya na Denmark, da kashi 42%, a cewar bayanai daga Majalisar kula da makamashin iska ta duniya, Global Wind Energy Council, GWEC don karancin sunan ta a Turanci.

Gidan gona a cikin teku

Kasashen duniya, sauran kasashen tare kara dasawa su ne Fotigal, da kashi 23%, Spain, 19%, da Jamus, 15%.

Ci gaban kasuwar iska a cikin Uruguay yana da matukar muhimmanci, a cewar Tabaré Arroyo, mai ba da shawara kan sabunta kuzari a Asusun Duniya na Yanayi: «A 2005 babu iska a cikin Uruguay. Zuwa shekarar 2015 tuni an riga an girke karfin sama da MW 580 kuma nan da shekarar 2020 an yi amannar cewa za a samu karfin shigar da fiye da MW 2.000, "Arroyo ya shaida wa BBC Mundo.

Yanayi mai kyau na makamashin iska

Ta yaya Uruguay ta sami damar haɓaka matattarar makamashinta ta yadda za ta sami ci gaba? Kasar tana da kyakkyawan yanayi na makamashin iska, don haka ya dace da hakan suka yi mamaki har ma da masu fasahar kansu.

"U.S. ma Abin ya ba mu mamaki saboda mu ƙasa ce da sassauƙarta ta kasance rabin-ƙasa, ƙasa mai faɗi sosai. Kuma lokacin da aka fara matakan a cikin 2005, munyi tunanin cewa wasu wurare ne kawai ke da kyakkyawar ɗabi'a ga waɗannan gonakin iska. A gefe guda kuma, ma'aunin sun ba mu damar ganin cewa muna da kwanciyar hankali na ma'aunin iska mai kyau a duk tsawon shekara, "in ji Otegui.

Gudun iska yana canzawa, don haka a injin turbin yana aiki galibi ƙasa da ƙaƙƙarfan iko wanda aka tsara shi.

Iska

Sabili da haka, babban mai nuna ingancin gonar iska shine yanayin ƙarfin aiki, alaƙar da ke tsakanin makamashi yadda yakamata yana haifar da wani lokaci, da kuma abin da zai faru idan yana gudana ba tare da tsayawa ba a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan iko.

«Ba tare da shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai na fasaha ba, an tabbatar da cewa gonakin iska na 50 MW a cikin Uruguay sun isa abubuwan damar tsakanin 40% da 50% don samfurin wuta. iska kamar V80, G97, V112 da sauransu ». Sabanin haka, gonakin iska a Amurka, alal misali, sun yi aiki a cikin 2014 a damar 34% a 2014, bisa ga bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka.

Iska Uruguay

Shirya shekaru 25

Fiye da yanayi mai kyau, babban mahimmin abu shine tsara manufofin makamashi na shekaru 25. Hakanan an yarda da shirin makamashi na 2005-2030, a matsayin manufar Jiha, ta dukkan bangarorin yan siyasa masu wakilcin majalisa, wani abu da ba al'ada bane, koyaushe akwai abubuwan sha'awa.

Tsarin makamashi na shekaru 25 ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari ga masu saka jari kuma ya jawo hankalin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na duniya.

A cewar Otegui, "Babu wani tallafi da aka bayar", amma tayi ne tare da "nuna gaskiya da tsaro ga mai saka jari".

«An basu tabbacin farashin da suka bayar kuma ana daidaita farashin ne ta hanyar wani ma'auni wanda shima aka amince dashi. Sun sani sarai daga lokacin da aka gabatar da jagororin da yadda za'a daidaita farashin kuma sunakwangila wanda zai iya zama har zuwa shekaru 20".

Girkawar injin nika

Canjin yanayi da fari

Yawaitar makamashi ya baiwa Uruguay damar gamsar da sama da kashi 90% na wutan lantarki daga Ƙarfafawa da karfin, gami da iska, da wutar lantarki, da kuma amfani da hasken rana.

Uruguay ta cimma daya daga raga gabatar daga farko: kara makaman kasar ta fuskar canjin yanayi.

Mutanen Uruguay sun ji tsoron fari, a cewar jami'ai daban-daban: “Mun gamsu cewa dole ne mu rage wannan matsalar ta yanayin (…). Lokacin da ya kasance manyan fariMuna da babban shigo da mai don samar da yanayin zafi, duk wannan an rage shi gaba daya tare da hada kayan sabuntawa ».

Energyarfin iska zai iya haɓaka yanzu lantarki.

«Uruguay tana da wutar lantarki ta lantarki wanda yakai kimanin 1500 MW, wanda aka tsara amfani da shi gwargwadon wadatar iskar da take da shi, wanda hakan yake ba ikon wutar lantarki kuma a yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, ”in ji Mullin.

Otegui, a nasa bangaren, ya ce tare da hada abubuwan sabuntawa, Uruguay ta sami "ikon mallaka da 'yancin kai daga shigo da wutar lantarki. "Mun riga mun zo shekaru biyu a jere wanda ba sai mun shigo da makamashin lantarki ba."

“Sakamakon canjin yanayi, yanayin ruwan sama zai canza kuma lokutan bushewa zasuyi tsayi, yawaita kuma mai tsanani. Saboda haka, dogaro da wutar lantarki tabbas cin nasara ne akan rashin tsaro na makamashi«. Uruguay, cikin hikima, caca cikin hikima kan abubuwan sabuntawa


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