Mafi yawan tsire-tsire suna cikin ƙungiyar spermatophytes. Sun haɗa da duk waɗannan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ba da ƙwaya kuma suna ba da furanni a sassa daban-daban na shukar. Yana cikin furannin cewa suna ba da tsarin tsarin haihuwa. Ya bambanta Sassan fure Waɗannan sune waɗanda ke haɓaka gametes na maza da mata kuma a nan ne hadi da samar da iri ke gudana. A cikin fure kuma akwai wasu tsare-tsare don kariya da tsirowar ciki.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu yanke hukunci tsakanin sassan fure da aikin kowane ɗayan su.
Menene fure
Domin bayyana menene fure da kuma sanin dukkan ayyukanta, dole ne ka san menene ma'anarta. Furewar ita ce tsakaitacciyar ƙarancin girma wanda ke ci gaba koyaushe a ƙarshen ganye. Ana canza ganyayyaki don samun aikin haihuwa. Duk waɗannan gine-ginen ana kiransu anthophiles. A cikin tarihin anthophiles zamu je ga fure da sepals. Kowannensu yana da sassa daban-daban kuma suna da ƙwarewa a ɗayan ko fiye da ayyuka. Wasu daga cikin wadannan ayyukan sune samuwar gametes, watsewar 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri, pollination da sauran tsarin da ke kare furen.
Mun san cewa babban maƙasudin tsire-tsire shine yaɗawa da faɗaɗa yankin rarraba su. Saboda haka, furanni suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wanzuwar jinsunan daban na shuke-shuke na spermatophyte. Ba dukkan furanni bane suke samun nasarar haifuwa ba, saboda haka ya dogara da kowane nau'in da yake da ofan filaye mafi girma ko lessarami.
Sassan fure
Zamu bambance tsarin da fure yake dashi gaba daya. Ana iya raba bangarorin fure galibi biyu: a gefe ɗaya, muna da waɗancan sassan waɗanda babban aikinsu ke haifuwa da waɗanda ba haka ba. Sassan fure waɗanda ba su da aikin haifuwa ana kiransu da suna perianth kuma calyx ne yake ƙirƙira su. Larshen ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa kuma dukkansu bakararre ne. Wadannan tsarin sune kamar haka:
- Sepals: kofofin fure sune wadanda suke karkashin zunubai kuma suke zama a matsayin tallafi na kariya.
- Corolla: corolla an kafa ta petals.
Sassan fure waɗanda suke da aikin haifuwa sune masu zuwa:
- Androecium: androecium yana samuwa ne ta hanyar stamens waɗanda sune waɗanda ke ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin pollen. Pollen shine tsarin haihuwar namiji na shuka.
- Gneceous: a cikin gynoecium muna samun pistils tare da katako. Carpels sune gabobin haihuwa na mace a cikin kwayar halittar spermatophyte.
- Carpels: an raba shi bi da bi zuwa yanayin kwai, salo da kuma nuna kyama.
Ayyuka na sassan fure
Da zarar mun san menene sassan fure, sai mu ga cewa kowane ɗayansu yana da ƙwarewa a cikin takamaiman aiki. Bari mu ga abin da suke:
- Peduncle: shine abin da aka sani da kusurwa mai tallafawa fure. Ba wani ɓangare bane wanda yake ɓangaren ɓangaren fure kamar haka amma yana da aikin tallafawa.
- Mai karɓa: An kuma san shi da sunan yanke furanni. Edarfafa Peduncle ne wanda yake aiki don saka antofilos. Wannan bangare kuma ba bangare bane na fure.
- Chalice: Bangaren fure ne wanda yake da tsari wadanda suke kama da ganye. Wadannan gine-ginen ana kiran su sepals kuma suna da launin gama gari gama gari. Aikin calyx shine kare furen fure.
- Corolla: shine bangaren da wasu sifofi ke samarwa wadanda suke da siffa-ganye. Yawancin lokaci suna da launuka daban-daban waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da takamaiman nau'in kuma an san su da sunan petals. Ana yin fentin bayan sepals yayin girma da ci gaban furannin. Aikin petals shine yabanya. Don yin wannan, tana amfani da sifofinta da launuka masu jan hankali don jan hankalin masu zaɓe. Daga cikin mafi yawan gurbatattun masu zabe muna da kwari kamar ƙudan zuma.
- Androe calcium: Sashin fure ne wanda ke dauke da gabobin haihuwa na maza. Wadannan gabobin haihuwa ana kiran su stamens. Partangaren fure ne na namiji kuma kowane stamen an yi shi da zare a ƙarshen abin da muke samo anter. Anan ne ake samarda gametes na maza, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin pollen.
- Gynecium: shine wannan ɓangaren furen wanda yake da gabobin haihuwa na mata. An san shi da sunan pistil wanda aka ƙirƙira, bi da bi, da pan carpels. Kowane carpel ya kasu kashi uku. A gefe daya, muna da kwai, wanda shine kara girman inda kwan yake. Salon shine yanki mai tsayi tsakanin kwayayen da dattako. Aƙarshe, ƙyamar shine ɓangaren ƙarshe na salon kuma yana da tsattsauran tsari wanda babban aikin sa shine kamawa da riƙe ƙwayoyin pollen don hadi.
Nau'in furanni
Mun riga mun san menene sassa daban-daban na fure kuma, da wannan, dole ne mu sani cewa akwai furanni iri daban-daban. Kodayake dukansu suna cikin ƙungiyar angiosperms, ana iya rarraba su daga ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Idan muka rarraba tsirrai masu banƙyama ta ɓangaren haifuwarsu, muna da waɗancan jinsunan waɗanda ke da furannin namiji waɗanda ke da stamens kawai da wasu waɗanda ke da furannin mata masu ƙyalli. Akwai wasu furannin hermaphroditic wadanda suke da gabobin haihuwa kuma basa bukatar wasu samfuran na waje don haifuwarsu. Kuna buƙatar kawai pollinators waɗanda zasu iya ɗaukar hatsin pollen daga furen namiji zuwa mace.
Zamu rarraba fure daban-daban gwargwadon tsarin furannin da suke dasu:
- Cikakken furanni: sakan wadanda suka kunshi abubuwa 4 na fure iri daya. Misali na wannan shine fure.
- Furen da basu cika ba: basu da wadannan abubuwan guda 4. Misalin wannan shine begonia. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da stamens ko pistils amma ba duka biyun ba. Waɗannan sune furannin da ke da jima'i ɗaya kawai.
- Monocots: a cikin wadannan shuke-shuken furen yana tasowa akan cotyledon daya wanda shine yake bada iri. Ganyayyaki suna da jijiya guda ɗaya tak. Misalan wannan su ne lili, orchids, tulips, crocuses, da dai sauransu.
- Dicotyledons: furen yana tasowa ne a kan cotyledons biyu da iri ya bayar. Misalan wannan sune margaritas, nasturtiums da portulacas.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da sassa daban daban na fure da halayenta.