Daga cikin yadudduka daban -daban na sararin samaniya, ɗaki ɗaya yana da mafi girman taro na ozone a duk duniya. Wannan shi ne abin da ake kira lemar sararin samaniya. Wannan yanki yana cikin stratosphere a tsayin kusan kilomita 60 kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan rayuwa a Duniya. Yayin da mutane ke fitar da wasu iskar gas masu cutarwa a cikin sararin samaniya, wannan Layer ɗin ya yi rauni, yana yin illa ga aikin rayuwarsa a doron ƙasa. Koyaya, har zuwa yau, da alama yana daidaitawa. Mutane da yawa har yanzu ba su sani sosai ba Mene ne lemar sararin samaniya.
Don haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku abin da ozone Layer yake, menene halayensa da halin da yake ciki a yanzu.
Mene ne lemar sararin samaniya
Don fara fahimtar rawar da lemar ozone, dole ne mu fara fahimtar yanayin gas ɗin da ke haɗa shi: iskar gas. Tsarin sunadarai shine O3, wanda shine isotope na iskar oxygen, wani nau'in da ke wanzu cikin yanayi.
Ozone iskar gas ce yana decomposes zuwa talakawa oxygen a al'ada zazzabi da matsa lamba. Hakanan, yana fitar da ƙamshin sulfur mai ƙyalli kuma launi yana da shuɗi mai taushi. Idan aka sami ozone a saman ƙasa, zai zama mai guba ga tsirrai da dabbobi. Koyaya, yana wanzuwa a zahiri a cikin lemar ozone, idan babu irin wannan babban iskar gas a cikin stratosphere, ba za mu iya fita ba.
Ozone muhimmin mai kare rayuwa ne a doron kasa. Wannan saboda yana da aikin matattara mai kariya daga hasken rana ultraviolet. Yana kula da sha musamman hasken Rana da ke cikin raƙuman ruwa tsakanin 280 zuwa 320 nm.
Lokacin da hasken ultraviolet na rana ya buge ozone, kwayoyin sun rushe zuwa oxygen atomic da oxygen. Lokacin da iskar oxygen da atomic oxygen suka sake haduwa a cikin stratosphere, suna sake haduwa don samar da kwayoyin ozone. Waɗannan halayen suna dorewa a cikin stratosphere, kuma ozone da oxygen suna zama tare a lokaci guda.
Babban fasali
Ozone iskar gas ce da za a iya gano ta kusa da guguwar wutar lantarki da babban kayan aikin lantarki ko tartsatsin wuta. Misali, a cikin mahautsini, ana samun ozone lokacin da lambobin goga ke samar da tartsatsin wuta. Ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi ta wurin ƙamshi.
Wannan iskar gas na iya taruwa kuma ya bayyana azaman ruwa mara tsayayye. Koyaya, idan ya daskare, zai bayyana launin shuɗi mai duhu. A cikin wadannan jihohi biyu, Yana da wani abu mai fashewa sosai saboda ƙarfin iskar shakarsa. Lokacin da ozone ya bazu zuwa cikin chlorine, yana iya yin kwalliya da yawancin karafa kuma, kodayake natsuwarsa kadan ne a doron ƙasa (kusan ppb 20 kawai), yana iya yin kwalliyar karafa.
Yana da nauyi da aiki fiye da iskar oxygen. Har ila yau yana ƙara yin oxidation, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake amfani da shi azaman maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda oxidation na ƙwayoyin cuta da yake tasiri. An yi amfani Don tsarkake ruwa, lalata kwayoyin halitta, ko iska a asibitoci, jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu, da dai sauransu.
Asalin lemar sararin samaniya
Kalmar "ozone Layer" da kanta gabaɗaya ba a fahimta ba. Wato, manufar da ake da ita ita ce, a wani tsayin stratosphere akwai babban taro na ozone wanda ke rufewa da kare Duniya. Ƙari ko itasa ana wakiltarsa kamar an rufe sararin sama da wani hadari.
Duk da haka, wannan ba haka bane. Gaskiyar ita ce, ozone ba ya mai da hankali a cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma ba a cikin takamaiman tsayi ba, amma isasshen gas ne wanda aka narkar da shi sosai a cikin iska kuma, ƙari, ya bayyana daga ƙasa zuwa bayan stratosphere. Abin da muke kira "lemar ozone" yanki ne na stratosphere inda tarin kwayoyin halittar ozone ya yi yawa ('yan barbashi a kowace miliyan) kuma ya fi yadda sauran abubuwan ozone a farfajiya suke. Amma maida hankali na ozone idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran iskar gas a cikin yanayi, kamar nitrogen, ƙarami ne.
Ana samar da ozone galibi lokacin da ƙwayoyin oxygen ke karɓar makamashi mai yawa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna juyawa zuwa radicals oxygen atomic. Wannan gas ɗin ba shi da ƙarfi sosai, don haka lokacin da ya sadu da sauran ƙwayoyin oxygen, zai hadu ya zama ozone. Wannan halayen yana faruwa kowane sakan biyu ko makamancin haka.
A wannan yanayin, tushen kuzarin oxygen na yau da kullun shine hasken ultraviolet daga rana. Hasken ultraviolet shine sanadin lalacewar iskar oxygen zuwa cikin atomic oxygen. Lokacin da kwayoyin halittu da kwayoyin oxygen suka hadu suka samar da ozone, hasken ultraviolet din kansa ya lalata shi.
A cikin lemar sararin samaniya, ana samar da ƙwayoyin ozones, oxygen oxygen, da oxygen atomic kullum. Ta wannan hanyar, akwai daidaiton daidaituwa wanda aka lalata shi kuma aka kafa shi.
Rami a cikin lemar sararin samaniya
Wannan rami a cikin lemar ozone shine raguwar maida hankali na wannan kashi a wani yanki. Sabili da haka, a cikin wannan yanki ƙarin hasken rana mai cutarwa yana shiga saman mu. Ramin yana kan sandunan, kodayake a cikin watannin bazara da alama yana murmurewa. Lokacin da ya warke a gungumen azaba, yana bayyana ya ƙasƙanta a ɗayan. Wannan tsari yana gudana ta hanyar cyclically.
Rushewar ozone yana faruwa duka saboda sauye -sauyen yanayi saboda filin electromagnetic na duniya da hulɗa ta ayyukan ɗan adam. Dan Adam, godiya ga ci gaban tattalin arziki da ayyukan masana'antu, yana fitar da adadi mai yawa na gurbataccen iskar gas wanda ke lalata kwayoyin ozone.
Kariya
Don kare tsarin ozone, dole ne gwamnatoci a duk duniya su tsara matakan rage hayaƙin waɗannan iskar gas mai illa. In ba haka ba, tsire-tsire da yawa na iya shan wahala daga zafin rana, ciwon daji na fata zai ƙaru, kuma wasu matsalolin mahalli masu tsanani za su faru.
A matakin mutum, a matsayin ku na 'yan ƙasa, abin da zaku iya yi shine siyan samfuran aerosol waɗanda ba su ƙunshe ko kuma an yi su da ƙwayoyin da ke lalata lemar ozone. Daga cikin gas mafi barnan wannan kwayar akwai:
- CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). Su ne mafi lalacewa kuma ana sake su a cikin yanayin aerosol. Suna da rayuwa mai tsayi sosai a cikin yanayi kuma, saboda haka, waɗanda aka saki a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX har yanzu suna haifar da lalacewa.
- Halogenated hydrocarbon. Ana samun wannan samfurin a cikin abubuwan kashe gobara. Mafi kyawu shine tabbatar da cewa wutar da muke siya bata da wannan gas din.
- Methyl bromide. Magungunan kashe kwari ne da ake amfani dashi a gonakin itace. Lokacin da aka sake shi cikin mahalli yana lalata ozone. Abinda yafi dacewa shine ba siyen kayan daki da aka yi da waɗannan katako ba.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da abin da ozone Layer yake.