El Layin Iberiya An san shi a matsayin mafi kyawun barazanar a duniya. Yana da wani endemic jinsin na Iberian Peninsula, saboda haka suna da. Unionungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN) ta jera shi a matsayin mai hatsarin gaske. Duk da duk kokarin da ake yi da saka hannun jari na tattalin arziki da ake warewa don farfado da lynx na Iberian, sakamakon ya fi yadda ake tsammani yawa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku menene halayen lynx na Iberian, menene hanyar rayuwarsa kuma menene dalilin da yasa yake cikin haɗari.
Babban fasali
Duk bobo suna da wutsiya da kunnuwa. Karkashin cingam yana dauke da makulli wanda yayi kama da gemu na dan adam. Ga mutane da yawa, lynx yayi kama da cat amma yafi daji. Yana da alamar launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka a fata kuma suna da kyau sosai. Game da nauyi, Zai iya zama daga fam 28 zuwa fam 60. Maza yawanci sun fi mata girma.
Waswasi na lynx na Iberian suna da matukar damuwa da kowane motsawa. Godiya ga wannan ƙwarewar suna iya samun ganimar su cikin sauƙi. Jinsa yana da kyau kuma yana amfani dashi don farauta. Gashinsu dogo ne sosai kuma yakai ƙafa. Masana kimiyya da yawa suna tunanin cewa yawanta yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin zafin jiki da motsawa cikin nutsuwa daga dusar ƙanƙara. Kamar yadda muka sani, ga dabbobin da ba su da sutura ta musamman, dusar ƙanƙara tana hana ikon ɓoyewa don farauta. Idan aka fuskanci wannan yanayin, dabbobin suna buƙatar motsi ba tare da yin wata 'yar karamar kara ba don ci gaba da cin abinci.
Yanayi da halayyar lynx na Iberiya
Kamar yadda muka ambata a farkon labarin, wani yanki ne na yankin Iberian Peninsula. Saboda haka, shine yanki ɗaya tilo a cikin duniya da zamu iya samun lynx ɗin Iberiya. Yankin yankin teku inda zamu sami ƙarin yawa shine a cikin Doñana. Waɗannan dabbobin an daidaita su don su sami damar rayuwa a filaye da kan duwatsu. An tsara jikin ta don samun babban sassauci, don jure yanayin ƙarancin yanayi da iya motsawa a kowane lokaci.
Dangane da ɗabi'a, nau'ikan yanki ne wanda ya dace. Galibi suna rufe yanki na kusan mil murabba'in goma. A cikin dukan wannan yankin zai lura da cewa duka abincin nasa ne. Da yake hanyoyin samun abinci sun yi karanci, wadannan dabbobi ana tilasta musu yin tafiya mai nisa don su samu. Akwai 'yan gwagwarmaya da rikice-rikice da ke faruwa tsakanin waɗannan dabbobin saboda motsi a cikin ma'amala ta cikin yankin. Misali, ga mace wacce take tafiya da dan kwikwiyo nataYana da matukar wahala ka tsallaka yankin da wani namiji yake mulkin sa. Wannan saboda hankalin namiji shine kashe samari. Yana yin hakan ne don kawo karshen duk wata gasa da yake da ita.
Ciyarwa da haifuwa na lynx na Iberiya
Akwai nau'ikan abinci daban-daban waɗanda lynx na Iberian suka ci. Daga cikin mafi yawan lokuta muna samun rodents, tsuntsaye, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Hakanan suna yawan cinye zomaye da zomo masu yawa idan zasu iya farautar su.
A yadda aka saba, hakan zai kawo musu sauƙin farauta, suna iya bin waɗannan ƙananan ganimar, kodayake a wasu lokuta suna iya saukar da ƙananan barewa, dawakai da wasu agwagwa.
A cikin haihuwar su munga cewa mata sune suke fara al'adar saduwa. Don neman mazajensu sai suka bar yanayinsu na al'ada. Yara yawanci ana haifuwa ne tsakanin Maris da Afrilu. Yawancin lokaci suna da tsakanin matasa biyu zuwa uku a kowane juji. Don taimakawa matasa su ci gaba da koyon rayuwa, ana saka uwaye a cikin kogo tsawon watanni. Bayan wannan, suna taimaka musu zuwa ƙasashen waje da koyon ƙwarewa daban-daban waɗanda zasu taimaka musu rayuwa.
A cikin kimanin watanni goma kawai yawancin matasa za su riga sun kasance masu zaman kansu. Koyaya, zasu ci gaba da zama tare da mahaifiyarsu har sai sun kai wata 20. Fa'idar da wannan ke basu ita ce, zasu iya yin farauta a yankin uwa har ma su raba ganima kuma su taimaki juna farauta.
Masana kimiyya ba su da tabbacin dalilin da ya sa waɗannan dabbobin suke yin zafin rai ga 'yan'uwansu. Wannan shine ɗayan dalilan da yasa yawan mace-macen Iberian lynx yayi yawa. Kuma shine cewa lynx na Iberiya yana cikin mummunan haɗari na ƙarewa. Ba don kokarin kiyayewa da mutane ba, da wannan jinsin da tuni sun bace. Lokacin da suka cika wata biyu da haihuwa ana tunanin su haɓaka wani matsayi na matsayi Wannan ya sa waɗanda ke cikin manyan hanyoyin suka kashe waɗanda ke cikin mafi ƙarancin mahaɗin. Wannan ɗabi'ar ta zafin rai yawanci takan ɗauki kimanin kwanaki 30 sannan ta lafa.
Adanawa da dawowa
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, lynx na Iberian an lasafta shi a cikin haɗari mai mahimmanci. Akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda ke da hannu wajen dawo da wannan nau'in. Matsin lamba daga wadannan kungiyoyin kiyayewa akan gwamnati ya tilasta musu bin wasu dokoki wadanda suka haramta cutar da wannan nau'in. Haka kuma ana yin aiki mai wahala kan ilimantar da mutane game da mahimmancin waɗannan dabbobi don daidaituwar yanayi.
Kare mazaunin yana da mahimmanci ga lynx don ƙara yawan jama'arta sosai. Yanayin mazaunin shine ɗayan mahimman canje-canje idan yazo ga kiyayewa, Ina fatan wannan saboda yankin da kake rayuwa koyaushe ne gurbatawa, rarrabuwa, da tasirin muhalli iri-iri Ba zai iya ba da yanayin da ake buƙata don lynx ya ci gaba ba.
Tunda lynx na Iberiya yana cikin haɗarin halaka, ya zama alama ta kiyayewar yanayi. Da fatan lynx zai iya murmurewa da kuma daidaita daidaito a cikin yanayin halittar inda yake rayuwa tunda yana da muhimmiyar yanki a cikin sarkar abinci. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da lynx ɗin Iberiya.