A yau za mu yi magana ne game da ɗayan mahimman ilimin kimiyyar dabbobi waɗanda suka sanya alama a gaba da bayan a cikin binciken dabbobi. Labari ne game da Burtaniya masanin Dabbobi da Anthropologist Jane Goodall. An haifi wannan matar ne a Landan a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1934. Ta girma ne a garin Bournemouth kuma ta fara karatun kwalliya bayan kyautar da mahaifinta ya ba ta, wanda shi ne kuli-kuli na wasan yara da ta ke so.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku wacece Jane Goodall kuma menene amfaninta a duniyar kimiyya.
Tarihin rayuwar Jane Goodall
Lokacin mahaifin Jane Goodall ya ba shi wani leda mai kwalliya wanda ya sa wa suna Jubilee, Jane ta haɗu kai tsaye kuma, ana iya cewa, har zuwa yau, har yanzu tana zaune a kujera a gidanta a Ingila. Tunda yake ya kasance yana son irin wannan dabbar da ake cushewa, lokacin da ya kai shekaru 4 ya fara da sha'awar sanin inda ƙwai kajin suka fito. Ya kasance mutum ne mai yawan sihiri da dabbobi. Da yake son sanin daga inda ƙwai kaza suka fito, zai ɗauki awanni da yawa yana kallon gidan kajin don ya gani da idanunsa.
Daga cikin karatun Jane da ya fi so a lokacin ƙuruciya akwai littattafan dabbobi kamar su The Jungle Book. Wannan sha'awar dabbobi ya sanya shi fara mafarkin zuwa Afirka don ya iya zama tsakanin dabbobi ya yi rubutu a kansu. A ƙarshe, wannan mafarkin ya zama gaskiya saboda goyon bayan mahaifiyarsa. Godiya gareta na kasance iya koya masa cewa abun ya zama wani abu, zaku iya aiki tuƙuru don cimma hakan. Ta wannan hanyar, Jane na iya amfani da damar da suka gabatar a rayuwarta kuma ba zata karaya ba har sai ta kai ga Afirka kuma zata iya saduwa da dabbobin da ta yi mafarkin su da yawa.
Yana karatun aikin sakatariya kuma yayi aiki a wani kamfanin shirin gaskiya a Ingila. Godiya ga gayyatar wani abokin aiki ya koma Nairobi kuma ya sami damar zuwa Afirka. Dole ne ta adana wasu watanni a matsayin mai jiran gado don ta sami damar biyan kuɗin karatun kuma ta more rayuwarta.
Louis Leakey, masanin ilimin ɗan adam
Jane Goodall ta haɗu da sanannen masanin ilimin ɗan adam Louis Leakey. Duk da cewa ba ta da horon ilimin da ya dace, amma ta nuna sha'awar karatun dabbobi. Godiya ga wannan sha'awar da ta nuna wa wannan mutumin cewa wani abu ne na sha'awar, an ɗauke ta aiki, mataimaki. Daga baya, sun yi tafiya tare da matarsa zuwa Ruwa na Olduvai don neman burbushin halittu masu banƙyama. Hakanan ya ba shi damar iya karatun kifin a cikin yanayin ɗabi'a. A lokacin ne Jane Goodall ta ƙaura a cikin 1960 kuma ta kasance tare da mahaifiyarta tsawon watanni 3.
Wannan shine yadda ya haifar da karatunsa a kan chimpanzees. Wadannan karatuttukan sun ba shi damar lura a cikin watannin Oktoba duk kyanwar da ke cikin yankin. Ya sami damar ganin yadda waɗannan dabbobin ke ginawa da amfani da kayan aiki don kama lamuran da ke cikin abincin su. Ya kuma shiga ƙungiyar masu bincike tare da taimakon Leakey kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban binciken manyan birai.
Aikinsa na filin ya hada da aiki tare da chimpanzees. Farkon bincikensa, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta, suna da matukar wahala. Kuma shine da farko mutanen birrai sun amsa da kin amincewa da kasancewar Jane Goodall. Ya kasance shekaru da yawa daga baya lokacin da zai iya samun sakamako mafi kyau tunda dabbobin sun saba da kasancewar sa. Daga shekarar 1964 shine yaushe an kafa ƙungiyar tare da taimakon da ya tattara da kuma sarrafa duk bayanan da aka samu a waɗannan shekarun.
Bayan shekara guda, Jane Goodall ta sami digirin digirgir na girmamawa a cikin almara daga Jami'ar Cambridge. Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka nada ta darakta a cibiyar binciken kwararar ruwa ta Gombe. Tsakanin 1971-1975 tana ziyartar farfesa a Jami'ar Stanford kuma, daga 1973, har ila yau a Dar es Salaam (Tanzania).
Jane Goodall Cibiyar da Rayuwa sadaukarwa ga Primates
Tun daga shekarar 1977, aka kafa cibiyar da ke da suna, Jane Goodall Institute for Education Wildlife Research Education and Conservation. Babban maƙasudin wannan kwalejin shine haɓaka shirye-shiryen kiyayewa iri-iri don wannan nau'in kuma inganta yanayin rayuwarsu. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, da yawa mafarauta suna farautar wadannan dabbobi. Ba wai kawai mafarauta ne babbar matsalar rage yawan wadannan dabbobi ba, har ma da ita rabe-raben wuraren zama saboda yawan amfani da albarkatun kasa.
Shekaru 10 bayan wannan masanin kimiyya ya bar aikin fage ya zauna a garin Bornemouth inda za ta iya yin watanni biyu a shekara. Sauran shekarun suna sadaukar da kai ne don zagaya duniya domin kare dabbobi da jin daɗinsu. Godiya ga ilimin da ya samu a tsawon rayuwarsa, yana iya yin laccoci kan lalata muhalli da kuma mummunan tasirin ɗumamar yanayi. Ofayan manyan manufofinta shine yaƙar mafi kyaun yanayin rayuwa ga priman birrai a muhalli da kuma gidan zoo. Babban fifikonsa shi ne inganta rayuwar wadannan dabbobi da yaki da fataucin haram da gwaje-gwajen da wadannan dabbobi.
Idan halin da ake ciki yanzu ya ci gaba na wasu shekaru 100, mai yiwuwa waɗannan mayukai basu wanzu ba. Godiya ga kimiyya an san hakan kwayar halittarmu tana da kashi 98% kamar na chimpanzee. Duk kokarin Jane Goodall na kare abubuwan birrai ya yi daidai. Wannan saboda yawan jama'ar wannan birrai sun ragu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A yau akwai kimanin chimpanzees 100.000, bonobos 20.000, orangutans dubu 50.000, gorillas na bakin teku da filaye 120.000, da gorilla 600 kawai.
Babban musabbabin abin da yawan jama'a ke cutarwa shine farauta ba bisa doka ba. Yawancin lokaci ana farautar su don cin naman su da amfani da gabobin su, abubuwan motsa sha'awa ko shirye-shiryen maganin gargajiya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Jane Goodall da kuma fa'idodinta.