Energyarfin iska na cikin teku na Turai yana jiran shekaru masu rikodin

Aeolian Denmark

Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar sabuwar Eurobarometer na EU, wanda ya dauki samfurin 2016, shekarar da tsohuwar Nahiyar ta girka megawatts 1.412 na karfin iska a cikin teku (idan aka kwatanta da sama da 3.000 shekarar da ta gabata), amma hakan, a lokaci guda, ƙididdigar mafi girman saka hannun jari na tattalin arziki da aka taɓa rubutawa a cikin shekara guda a cikin iska ta cikin teku a Turai: Yuro miliyan 18.200 (kashi 40% cikin 2015 fiye da na shekarar XNUMX).

Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta cimma, ya zuwa Disambar 31, 2016, jimillar karfin iska (a kan teku da na waje) na megawatts 153.600 (12.068 M fiye da shekarar da ta gabata). Jamus ta sake zama injin iska na nahiyar, tunda ya kara a asusun sa na sirri har zuwa sabbin megawat 5.443. Daga gare su -ya sanar da EurObserv'ER-, An gina 824,3 a gefen teku, yanayin da Jamus ma ta kasance jagora a wannan shekara.

Bayan, Holland, wanda ya haɗa a cikin 2016 da Gemini Marine Park, wani iska mai ban sha'awa a cikin teku wanda ya hada da turbines 150 Siemens mai karfin megawatt hudu (4 MW).

Gemini

Wannan wurin shakatawa yana da cikakken ƙarfin megawatt 600, yana cikin ruwan Dutch na Tekun Arewa. A cikin wannan tekun kuma akwai Gode Wind 1 da Gode Wind 2, dukansu sun yi nisan kusan kilomita arba'in daga gabar Jamus. Siemens, ta hanyar, ya ba da iska mai amfani da iska don gonakin iska uku. A cewar EurObserv'ER, waɗannan shigarwar iska uku ne kawai marinas waɗanda suka kammala haɗin kansu zuwa grid na nahiyar a cikin 2016.

daidaici

EurObserv'ER, gidan kula da Turai na sabunta kuzari, ya bayyana a cikin wannan bugu (Rahoton 2016) cewa ba ya haɗa da ƙididdigar ruwan tekun kayan aikin iska waɗanda suke kusa da bakin tekun, «saboda halayensu ya sa sun fi kama da wuraren shakatawa fiye da wuraren da ke da nisan kilomita da yawa a gefen teku«. Obserungiyar kula da Turai ta ba da misali: Wanda Yammata, wani wurin shakatawar Dutch mai karfin megawatts 144 na wutar lantarki wanda iska mai aiki da iska ke tsaye a bakin gabar - «gonar iska ta nearshore» - kuma wacce ke da cikakkiyar alaka da layin wutar a bara (2016).

Ikon iska

Har ila yau, an cire haɗin

Balance na 2016, wanda Oungiyar Kula da Europeanasashen Turai don Sabunta Enarfafawa, ta wallafa shi, ya haɗa da cire haɗin. Iska mai iska ya kasance jarumi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Hakan ya faru ne a gaɓar tekun Fotigal, inda aka gwada wannan injin mai karfin megawatt biyu, wanda yake kan wani dandamali mai iyo, tsawon shekaru biyar. Manufa? Tattara bayanan da kamfanin zai yi amfani dasu don tsaftace shawarwarinsa na shawagi. An cire haɗin samfurin, na megabytes biyar a wannan yanayin, a cikin Hooksiel (Jamus).

Iska

Hanyoyin da ke cikin bangaren

Bayan bayanan 2016, EurObserv'ER ya sanar da cewa biennium wanda ya riga ya jagoranci mu (2017-2018) za su gabatar da lambobi mafi mahimmanci fiye da waɗanda aka yi rajista a lokacin 2016. A wannan ma'anar, barometer na Turai ya ambata a matsayin tushen masu ba da aiki na Tsohon Nahiyar, Tsakar Gida, wanda a farkon shekara ta 2017 babu ƙasa da megabytes 4.800 a cikin aikin ginin, ƙarin 24.200 sun sami izini kuma jimlar 65.600 a cikin tsarin ƙirar. A cewar WindEurope, dangane da tattalin arziki, saka hannun jari ya haɓaka a cikin 2016 har zuwa Yuro miliyan 18.200 (ayyuka goma sha daya suka samu kudade). Wannan adadin ya kusan kusan 40% fiye da wanda aka yi wa rijista a shekarar 2015.

iska daga teku

Babbar gonar iska a cikin teku a duniya

A halin yanzu, babbar gonar iska ta cikin teku tana bakin tekun Kent (Ingila). Duk da kasancewa mafi girman filin shakatawa, masu tallata ta suna shirin ƙara ƙarfin ta har zuwa 870 MW a kashi na biyu har sai an yarda.

Tunda tsohon Firayim Ministan Biritaniya, David Cameron, ya ƙaddamar da gonar iska ta cikin teku a London tsararru daga bakin Kogin Thames a watan Yuli 2013, wannan kayan aikin ana daukar su mafi girman gonar iska a cikin teku wanda aka gina har zuwa yau.
Wanda aka zartar a ƙaddarar haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin da ke cikin Bajamushe EON, da danish Dong da kuma jama'a jama'a don inganta ƙarfin kuzari Masdar wanda ke zaune a Abu Dhabi, a halin yanzu yana aiki da cikakken ƙarfin samar da isasshen ƙarfi don samar da adadi mai ban mamaki rabin miliyan gidaje, tare da damar da aka sanya na 630 MW.

Bayan shekaru hudu na gini da saka jari na fiye da 2.200 miliyoyin Tarayyar Turai, wurin shakatawa an yi shi 175 Vestas SWT iska mai karfin iska, Waɗannan sun faɗaɗa zuwa teku da ke mamaye yanki kusan kilomita murabba'in 100 a tazarar kilomita 20 daga gabar Kent, kudu maso gabashin Ingila.

Matsakaicin 450 kilomita igiyoyin karkashin ruwa da tashoshin teku biyu, wanda ke daidaita makamashin da injinan iska ke samarwa kafin a kai shi kasa cikin.

London Array Offshore

Haɗa tarin iska

Don girka kowace matatar iska a cikin teku, ya zama wajibi ne a gina taru na yau da kullun wanda ya dace da takamaiman halaye na tekun, tare da zurfin da ya banbanta tsakanin mita 5 da 25 dangane da lamarin. Waɗannan tallafi suna ba da izinin ɗaga kowane ɗayan turbines Vestas SWT-3.6MW-120 sama da matakin teku, kuma a gefe guda, yi aiki azaman tushe don watsa nauyinta har zuwa 225 tons zuwa ƙasa.

Haɗin ruwan iska

Kowane ɗayan iska mai karfin 175 yana da tsayi na 147 mita, 90 mita rotor diamita da tsawon ruwa na 58,5 mita. Don jigilar kuzarin da kowannensu ya samar, akwai 210 km na kebul na karkashin kasa wanda ke hada kowane turbines tare da tashoshin teku biyu, kuma wadannan bi da bi suna hadawa da mai Cleve tsauni a kan busasshiyar ƙasa ta hanyar 4 igiyoyi na 150 kV cewa isa ga 220 km na tsawon.

Dangane da ƙididdigar masu tallata, a cikin 2012 gonar iska ta cikin teku da ta wanzu har zuwa yau an kawo ta game da 1,5% na wutar lantarki, amma tare da London Array ana sa ran wannan adadi ya tashi sama da 5% ta haka ne guje wa watsi na 925.000 tons shekara-shekara CO2.

Amincewa da makamashin iska a matsayin daya daga mafi karancin gurbatawa da aminci a yanayin makamashin Turai, ya fara taka rawar da ta dace wajen samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a duniya. Game da iska ta cikin teku, makamashin da turbines ke samarwa yana da ƙananan tasiri akan yanayi, baya buƙatar juji ko motsa ƙasa, kuma kasancewarka a bakin teku, yana da tasiri ƙasa da tashin hankali akan fauna da ciyayi idan aka kwatanta da iska ta al'ada.

Fadada gaba

Tsarin London ya wuce tsammanin tsammanin iska a cikin BabbarGabbard, kayayyakin more rayuwa waɗanda suke cikin yanki guda wanda har zuwa yanzu ke riƙe da taken na mafi girma gonar iska ta cikin teku a duniya tare da shigar damar 500 MW. Amma wannan ba duka bane.

Tare da ra'ayin ci gaba da jagorantar gasa mai ban sha'awa a cikin iskar cikin teku da byasar Burtaniya ta ɗauka, masu tallata London Array yanzu suna da niyyar faɗaɗa ikonta daga yanzu 630 MW zuwa 870. Wannan zangon na biyu yana jiran izini daga manyan hukumomi masu iko, amma zai inganta wannan gonar iska a matsayin mafi girma da aka gina. A wannan shekarar ta 2017 zamu sami amsa?


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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   Joseph Ribes m

    Ina son kalmar "aiki tare", saboda kalmar da ma'anarta, da kuma "tattalin arzikin mai zagaye", duk wannan ya shafi mahaukatan iska ne na cikin teku don su iya taimakawa wajen ayyana filayen kamun kifi don kare nau'ikan halittu da kuma kirkirar gonakin ruwa da na kasa gonakin iska waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe waƙoƙin gandun daji da kuma raba ci gaban abubuwan da ke cikin gandun daji a cikin ɓangarori na 1 na saka hannun jari: gina hanyoyin shiga cikin tsaunuka kuma a lokaci guda yana sauƙaƙa damar zuwa wuraren farautar
    da ci gabanta da kashe tsuntsaye 30 da dutse daya ko fiye, idan zata iya, zata iya. Na fahimci wuraren farautar a matsayin yankunan ci gaban nau'ikan wasa da ci gaban bambance-bambancen muhalli, karin riba da ci gaban yawon bude ido na Turai da sake keɓe Siberias musamman.

  2.   Joseph Ribes m

    Farauta tana taimakawa wajen wanzuwar jinsin mutane, kuma muna da hakkoki a matsayinmu na dabbobi wadanda koyaushe muke, da kuma wanzuwar yankunan Spain a kan hanyar mutum, dabba, "sensu mai tsauri", bishiyoyi da yawan tsire-tsire.