Kwayoyin hoto na Silicon sun mamaye kasuwar makamashin hasken rana, kodayake akwai wasu sabbin fasahohin da ke amfani da kayan aikin kwalliya -a matsayin sinadarin tofu da gishirin wanka- Sun yi shekaru da yawa suna kokarin kwance musu kujera. Nazarin da aka buga a ranar Litinin da ta gabata a cikin mujallar Natura Makamashi Ya ba da shawarar mafita ga ɗayan matsalolin da ke cikin tasirin hasken rana, ƙwarewa (ma'ana, ɓarnar yawancin hasken halitta a cikin tsarin yau da kullun), kuma yana ba da shawarar cewa bangarorin siliki masu inganci na iya kasancewa a kan hanya. Kunta Yoshikawa, masani a yankin, ya gabatar da kwayar halittar farko da aka yi ta da wannan kayan wanda ya wuce inganci na 26% don sauya hasken rana zuwa lantarki, wanda ke wakiltar ci gaba a cikin canza hoto ta hanyar 2,7% idan aka kwatanta da rikodin da ya gabata (25,6%).
Don cimma wannan sakamakon mai ban mamaki, Yoshikawa da tawagarsa sun haɓaka a tsari dangane da yanayin mahaɗa -wani tsari wanda ya kunshi yadudduka biyu- na silikanon monocrystalline tare da saman saman siliki na amorphous, zane wanda lokaci daya yana kara kama hasken rana da jujjuyashi zuwa makamashin lantarki.
Abubuwa masu mahimmanci na na'urar kamar rayuwar sabis, juriya na jeri da kimiyyar gani dole ne a inganta su lokaci guda don rage ɓarnar haske. Aiwatar da wannan fasaha na iya haifar da ingancin makamashi na 29% a cikin fewan shekaru masu zuwa, marubutan binciken sun rubuta.
Har ila yau, MIT ta bayyana a cikin 2016 ƙirƙirar kwamiti mai amfani da hasken rana wanda zai iya samar da makamashi sau 20 fiye da na'uran gargajiya. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da ƙari hankali, bisa ga bayanin da aka buga a mujallar Makamashi da Kimiyyar Muhalli: suna tsaye kuma suna motsawa daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan don bin motsin rana daga fitowarta a sararin sama har zuwa faduwar rana.
Julio Amador Guerra, darektan digiri na biyu a fannin sabunta kuzari da kuma muhalli a jami'ar Polytechnic University of Madrid, yayi bayanin cewa karin ingancin kwayayen da ke amfani da hasken rana ya sa sun kara samun gogayya da hanyoyin samar da makamashi na yau da kullun. "Sabbin kayayyaki suna ba da damar samun ƙarin ƙarfi don shimfidar da ke ɗauke da kayayyaki masu daukar hotoA wasu kalmomin, yana yiwuwa a sami ƙarin hasken rana a kowane yanki, wanda ke nuna ragin farashin wannan fasaha. Mabukaci na iya samun karin karfi da kuzari ba tare da ya kara biyan tsarin tallafi na kayayyaki ko na wutar lantarki ba ”
Guerra ta himmatu don ci gaba da haɓaka makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic tare da “dukkan abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su” - silin ɗin ƙarfe, ruwan magina, ƙwayoyin halitta da na ƙwayoyin halitta -, amma ya nuna cewa ci gaba da bincike da ci gaban fasaha ya kamata ya kasance tare da ci gaban siyasa. "Dole ne a kawar da matsalolin doka don amfani da waɗannan kuzarin”, Ya kiyaye. Gwamnatin Spain ta amince, a cikin 2015, abin da ake kira harajin rana, wanda ke biyan kuɗin cin kai na makamashin da hasken rana ke samarwa. “Dole ne mu samar da hanyoyin da za su ba da damar sabunta kuzari don yin gasa bisa daidaito da sauran fasahar makamashi ta al'ada, la'akari da duk tasirin muhalli ”, yana kare masanin.
Brussels na tuhumar Spain
Brussels ta kasance ta ƙarshe zuwa tuhuma kan yawan cikas da Gwamnatin Spain ke ƙoƙarin ɗorawa kan cin kai lantarki a kasarmu. Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta aike da wata wasika mai tsauri zuwa ga Ma’aikatar Makamashi da Masana’antu, wacce currentlylvaro Nadal ke jagoranta a yanzu, don fahimtar dalilan da ke haifar da cikas na harkokin mulki da mukamin ya sanya.
A cikin wannan wasikar, wacce El Periódico de la Energía ta samu dama, Brussels na adawa da amfani da dokokin makamashi da Gwamnati ke aiwatarwa. Wato, ga jerin buƙatun da mutum dole ne ya cika don iya samar da makamashi da kansa.
Hukumar ya fara tuntuɓar hukumomin Spain don bayyana dalilan wanda aka gabatar da wannan tsarin ", ya tabbatar wa Paula Abreu, Shugabar samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a Darakta Janar na Makamashi na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai. Shugabar Sabuntad da kuzari a Darakta Janar na Makamashi na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Paula Abreu, ta bayyana hakan ne a cikin wata wasika da aka aika zuwa ofishin Holtrop, wanda ke ba da Shawarwari game da Sabon Samfurin Makamashi, ƙungiyar da ta la'anci ƙa'idodin amfani da kai zuwa Brussels.
A wannan ma'anar, Hukumar Turai ya jawo hankali zuwa Spain ga yan kadan cikas ga haƙƙin Bature kuma ya ba da misalai ga Spain don sabunta ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar amfani da kai. Don haka, yana neman Gwamnati ta sauƙaƙe hanyoyin gudanarwa
Umurnin Turai ya bukaci sauƙaƙa hanyoyin da ba da misalai ga Spain, yayin da Rajoy ya nace kan kiyaye tsarin lantarki na yanzu bisa ga ka'idojin karbar haraji. Matakin zai yi rashi sosai ga aljihun gwamnati fiye da ritaya da wuri na kashi 20% na ma'aikata masu kulawa.